The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1998 that regulates the online collection of personal information from children under the age of 13. The primary purpose of COPPA is to give parents control over what information is collected from their children online and how it is used.

Key provisions of COPPA include:

1. Parental consent: Websites and online services directed towards children under 13 must obtain verifiable parental consent before collecting, using, or disclosing personal information from children.

2. Notice requirements: Websites and online services must provide clear and understandable notice of their data practices, including what information is collected, how it is used, and whether it is shared with third parties.

3. Access and deletion rights: Parents have the right to review the personal information collected from their children, request changes, and have the information deleted.

4. Data security requirements: Websites and online services must take reasonable steps to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of the personal information collected from children.

5. Prohibited practices: COPPA prohibits certain activities, such as conditioning a child's participation in a game, contest, or other activity on the disclosure of more personal information than is reasonably necessary to participate.

COPPA applies to operators of websites, online services, and mobile apps that are directed towards children under 13 or have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information from children under 13. Violations of COPPA can result in significant fines and penalties.

In addition to COPPA several other federal laws and regulations protect student data privacy in various contexts. Some of these include:

1. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA): While primarily focused on internet safety in schools and libraries, CIPA also includes provisions related to the protection of children's privacy online.

2. The Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA): PPRA protects the rights of students and parents in regards to surveys, marketing efforts, and certain types of data collection in schools that are funded by the U.S. Department of Education.

3. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): IDEA includes provisions related to the confidentiality of personally identifiable information (PII) of students with disabilities and their families.

4. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): ESSA includes privacy protections for student data and requires states and school districts to have policies in place to protect student privacy and the security of student data.

5. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): While primarily focused on protecting the privacy and security of health information, HIPAA also has implications for student health records maintained by certain entities, such as school-based health clinics.

6. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and its amendments: While FERPA primarily governs the privacy of student education records, its amendments, including the USA PATRIOT Act and the Higher Education Act, have implications for student privacy in certain contexts.

These laws and regulations, along with state-level laws and district policies, work together to safeguard student data privacy and ensure that educational institutions and other entities handle student information responsibly and in compliance with applicable legal requirements.